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References

  1. 13 to 34 year olds spend an average of four and half hours a day online. “Online Nation 2019 Report – Ofcom” (https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/149146/online-nation-report.pdf)
  2.  62% of citizens think increased use of technology by police, border agencies and government as a whole will make them more secure. ”What do Citizens want – Accenture Research, 2018”
  3.  55%“of citizens agreed with the following statement: “[Police] will need to keep up and be able to stay one step ahead of the online criminals.” in response to the question “Over the next 10 years, technology trends will influence the types of crimes being committed (e.g. hacking of personal data, online financial fraud, online bullying etc.), as well as our communities and how we live. How do you think your expectations of the Police might change as a result?”. “Crowdsourced Citizen Research – Deloitte 2019”
  4.  “Big Data, for better or worse: 90% of world’s data generated over last two years – SINTEF” (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130522085217.htm)
  5. “Data storage goes from $1M to 2 cents per gigabyte”, Computer World, 2017 (https://www. computerworld.com/article/3182207/cw50-data-storage-goes-from-1m-to-2-cents-per-gigabyte.html)
  6. More than 90% of reported crime now has a digital element. Often this involves the police investigator retrieving evidence from digital devices and this includes social media, mobile phone applications
    and the Internet. “Internet Intelligence and Investigation (III Project) Full Business Case –Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime” [link no longer exists]
  7.  For almost all types of organised crime, criminals are deploying and adapting technology with ever
    greater skill and to ever greater effect. The number of organised crime groups that are involved in more than one criminal activity (poly-criminal) has increased sharply over the last years (45% in 2017 compared to 33% in 2013). “Crime in the age of technology – Europol’s serious and organised crime threat assessment 2017”, (Crime in the age of technology – Europol’s Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2017 | Europol (europa.eu))
  8. The Home Office invested £600,000 in Project Arachnid, software that can be deployed across
    websites, forums, chat services and newsgroups to instantaneously detect illegal content. “Serious Violence Strategy – HM Government” (Serious Violence Strategy – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
  9. “2017 Norton Cyber Security Insights Report – Symantec” [link no longer exists]
  10. “The Cost of Cyber Crime – Deltica & Cabinet Office” (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60943/the-cost-of-cyber-crime-full-report.pdf)
  11. According to Jack Clark, Policy Director for OpenAI, much of the worries [OpenAI] have about the future of media relate to the increasing ease with which we’ll be able to cheaply create ‘fake’ rich media and use this to mount public opinion campaigns which could accentuate societal divisions, or cause political destabilization. “Written testimony of Jack Clark, OpenAI, for The National Security Challenges
    of Artificial Intelligence, Manipulated Media, and ‘Deep Fakes’ Hearing – House Permanent Select
    Committee on Intelligence ”, (https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/clark_deepfakes_sfr.pdf)
  12. “Police Funding for England and Wales 2015 to 2019”, July 2018, Home Office Statistical Bulletin
  13. “ICT Market Sizing: Criminal Justice”, 2016-2019, GlobalData
  14.  PTF Investments Documentation, February 2019, Gov.uk